(April 26th 2016) Ensuring breastfeeding, encouraging the use of local foods, and promoting the mother and infant relationship. These are some of the World Health Organisation (WHO)’s and Infant Feeding in Emergencies (IFE)’s suggestions to guarantee adequate nourishment for babies and infants during humanitarian emergencies that the Bambino Gesù Hospital has condensed to 10 key points in light of the great clinical expertise in terms of nutrition by breast milk and that gained momentum in the international arena for the training course for health professionals promoted in collaboration with the Institute of Health and to be held today and tomorrow in the Roman hospital. The groups that are most at risk for illness and death in the event of a humanitarian crisis (conflicts, environmental disasters, mass migration) are infants, children under the age of two and pregnant women. They have specific needs that caregivers will need to respond quickly to and with appropriate strategies. Aid workers should ensure the initiation and maintenance of exclusive breastfeeding (breast milk only) until the sixth month of life and frequent feeding up to two years and beyond. Almost 95% of infant and child deaths in emergencies is due to diarrhoea caused by contaminated water and by poor hygiene. In this sense, breastfeeding provides an excellent source of nutrition and is the first preventive measure. Breast milk is full of antibodies produced by the mother to protect the baby from germs present in the environment. In case the mother in not available, alternative ways to ensure breastfeeding should be considered (e.g. the identification of nurses) or safe feeding with breastmilk substitutes prepared and stored properly and administered preferably via cup. The use of bottles, pacifiers and teats should be discouraged to reduce the risk of contamination. Mothers who breastfeed their babies with the addition of formula milk or have recently stopped breastfeeding should be encouraged to continue breastfeeding. It is also recommended to create a safe environment where mothers can take care and look after their child by maintaining the relationship and contact with the child and the mother’s body in order to ensure an adequate supply of milk in terms of quantity and quality.